Published date: 01/22/2026
GCAP Services, Inc. (GCAP) is a California-based professional consulting firm that was founded in 1997 and is certified as both a Small Business Enterprise (SBE) and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE).
GCAP supports the public sector including highway, transit and energy projects by delivering practical, cost-effective solutions for business and administrative challenges. The GCAP project team has significant experience working on large capital and public works projects, and it has a staff of qualified personnel that have first-hand experience working with labor, project administration and compliance programs and systems.
By now you may have heard that the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has enacted a major change to its Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program that affects approximately 41,000 minority- and women-owned businesses in the transportation industry. On October 3, 2025, an Interim Final Rule (IFR) took effect, eliminating the long-standing practice of presuming certain groups to be socially disadvantaged and instead requiring every DBE to prove social and economic disadvantage on an individual basis. The IFR also triggers a nationwide “reevaluation” of all currently certified DBE firms, effectively making them reapply under stricter criteria.
Why the drastic change now?
Mounting legal and constitutional pressures from various groups and the new administration created a perfect storm for change. The DBE and the Small Business Administration’s 8(a) programs have faced scrutiny in the courts. The DBE program’s legal scrutiny culminated in a September 2024 ruling (Mid-America Milling Co. v. DOT) that signaled the program’s automatic presumptions by race and sex were not narrowly tailored and likely unconstitutional. A preliminary injunction by the district court followed, preventing enforcement of those presumptions on certain contracts.
In late May 2025, the USDOT and the plaintiffs filed a joint motion to enter a consent order. The USDOT effectively agreed that using race or sex as a presumption of disadvantage is unconstitutional. Around the same time, a change in administration brought in a president and officials who oppose race- and sex-conscious policies.
In January 2025, new Executive Orders (14151 and 14173) were issued, directing agencies to “terminate all discriminatory… programs” and to ensure all federal programs treat Americans equally “without regard to their race or sex.” This political and legal one-two punch made it likely that the USDOT would overhaul the DBE regulations.
What are the key changes to the DBE program made by the IFR?
Well, there are some clear changes and next steps that have been communicated by the USDOT. There is also some confusion regarding how to implement the changes. What is clear are the following:
- No More Group-Based Presumption of Disadvantage: Being a member of a particular race, ethnic group, or gender is no longer enough to qualify.
- All applicants must write a Personal Narrative (PN) describing specific experiences of disadvantage — e.g. “instances of economic hardship, systemic barriers, or denied opportunities” in their education, career, or business history that impeded their success.
- Mandatory Reevaluation of All Existing DBE Firms: The rule doesn’t just apply to new applicants going forward; it sweeps in existing certified DBEs as well. Every firm that was certified under the old rules must be “reevaluated” under the new standards to “retain its DBE status”. USDOT estimates about 41,000 firms nationwide exist today.
- Temporary “Pause” on DBE Goals and Counting: Because of the wholesale recertification effort, the IFR has prompted many agencies that receive USDOT funds to suspend normal DBE procedures in the interim. Until a firm is recertified under the new rule, it cannot be counted toward DBE participation targets on a project or toward a recipient’s overall agency DBE goal.
In summary, The DBE program has moved from group-based eligibility to individualized proof of disadvantage. This change sets in motion a massive one-time recertification or “reevaluation” of every DBE firm. This is a significant shift in the DBE program – essentially a reboot of the DBE directory across the nation. Next year, the surface transportation reauthorization bill allows Congress to step in and adjust the DBE program’s statutory framework or Congress may decide that the program has run its course and end it altogether. Stay tuned.
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